The Greek Preposition Part 1

The Differentiator
Vol. 28 New Series November, 1967 No. 6

Part 1

Next to the Article, of all the Greek parts of speech the Preposition is the worst maltreated by the translators. This is partly due to indifference to exact precision of thought and partly to the circumstance that no pair of prepositions are exactly equivalent in Greek and English, so strict concordance is impossible. Over fifty years ago Dr. Bullinger remarked to a correspondent (Things to Come, Vol. 18, p. 12) that "the great need of the present day is (as you well say) a 'Bible Preposition Investigation Society' in order to save us from the misapprehensions of religious leaders." He added: "The favourite texts of all traditionalists (as you well and truly say) are usually the least correctly translated."

One of the simplest of the Greek prepositions is en, usually rendered in; yet "in" is used in the A.V. to represent no fewer than thirteen different Greek prepositions. In spite of this, it is basically simple enough. Followed by a Singular noun it means in, and should be so rendered unless English idiom forbids. Followed by a Plural, it means among, though where the plural word is one entity, in is generally in best accord with English usage. These uncertainties are rather baffling to some people; and to deal with them adequately the translator needs to have some understanding of the "feel" of both languages. So one cannot say that "A means B" universally; and where in subsequent remarks some such assertion is made, the reader should understand that it is general but not universal. For example, Rom. 1:2 reads, "in holy Scriptures." Strictly, this ought to be "among," for the promises referred to are scattered throughout these Scriptures; but "in" is here permissible according to English idiom. In v. 5, however, we have to read "among all the Gentiles" and similarly in v. 6, "among whom." In V. 7 it is "in Rome," in v. 8 "in the whole world," v. 9 "in my spirit," v. 10 "in the will of God," v. 12 "among you," etc. We find the plural, and so should read among twice in v. 13 and in v. 19; but in vv. 21 and 24 English idiom compels in. Simple enough, provided we keep in mind the point that en followed by a plural has the sense of among.

Confusion has been caused by misunderstanding an allied word entos, inside, occurring in Matt. 23:26; Luke 17:21. The first of these presents no difficulties, provided we do not confuse it with yet another word esOthen, inwardly, an adverb, which occurs in the same context in vv. 25, 27 and 28, where it is contrasted with another adverb exOthen, outwardly. I suggest we read therefore, rather freely (vv. 25-28), "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! seeing that you are cleansing outwardly the (outside) of the cup and the plate, yet inwardly they are brimming with rapacity and incontinence. Blind Pharisee! Cleanse first the inside of the cup and of the plate, that also their outside may be becoming clean. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! seeing that you are resembling whitewashed sepulchres, which outwardly, indeed, are appearing beautiful yet inwardly they are crammed with bones of dead ones and all uncleanness."

The really controversial passage is Luke 17:21 which, with part of v. 20, reads, "The Kingdom of God is not coming with scrutiny" (Rotherham "narrow-watching"). "Neither shall they be declaring 'Lo! Here!' or 'Lo! There!; for lo! the Kingdom of God is inside you."

The Annotator of the 1930 C.V. remarks "Compare Rom. 14:17"; and though he stops at that, nevertheless he hits the nail square on the head. For Paul writes "For the Kingdom of God is not feeding and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in holy spirit." Rotherham in a Note puts the issue admirably.

False teachers have used this verse to deny that the Kingdom will ever be a visible entity. Most people fail to perceive that the inward character of the Kingdom is not something that came about when Romans was written, or at the close of Acts, but something existing all along from John the Baptist's proclamation till it is set up in glory on earth by Messiah.

R.B. Withers

Listing of Articles


A Critic of "Fundamentalism"
A Further Examination of Prophecy
A Note on "Far Above All"
A Reckless Assertion
A Re-examination of I Thessalonians 1:10
According To
Acts and I Thessalonians
Acts as History
Acts Misunderstood
Acts 3:19-21
Afterwards
"All" and "The All"
An Explanation
Are You Saved?
Baptism: Supplementary Comments
Book Review: "Sorting Prophetic Material"
Christian Love
Confusion about Paul's Ministry
Confusion about the "Church"
Conversion
Covenant and the Lordly Supper
Dating the Gospels
Dispensational Truth
Dr. Bullinger and Mr. Welch
Editorial on the Book of James
Editorial: The Tradition
"Ephesians Truth"
Ephesians 1:1-12
Ephesians 2:11-18
Faith and Truth
First Things First
Flesh and Blood
For Us and About Us
Forgiveness of Sins
Forgiveness without Repentance
Further Consideration of Repentance
Further Problems about Prophecy
Further Remarks about Prophecy
God's Dispensations are Permament
Guidance in Scripture
Humility
In Part
Israel's History in Scripture
James and Righteousness
James, the Lord's Brother
Jew and Greek
Journeys to Jerusalem
Luke 23:43
Made Righteous
Mark 7:19
A Note on Matthew 28:19
More about the Olive Allegory
Of All
One Body
On the Meaning of "Ta Panta"
Our Celestial Destiny
Our Special Dilemma
Peace and Security?
Predestination or Freedom?
Prophecy in Acts
Romans 11:25
II Timothy 4:2
Some more Errors about Prophecy
Spheres of Blessing
Spiritual Experience
Studies in God's Evangel Part 1
Studies in God's Evangel Part 2
Studies in God's Evangel Part 3
Success or Victory
The Apostles
The Apostle Paul's Commission
The Apostle Paul's Evangel to the Jews
The Apostle Paul and Acts
The Ascension and the "Modern Mind"
The Assault on James
The Basis of Fellowship
The Beginning may be Nigh
The Body of the Christ and Christ's Body
The Character of the Kingdom
The Christian Dilemma
The Church of God
The Crisis of Matthew 13
The Dating of Paul's Epistles
"The Dispensational Keystone"
The Doctrine of Grace
The Doctrine of the Incarnation
"The End of the World"
The Enemy within the Gate
The Faith
"The Fall" and "The Two Natures"
The Finality of the Thessalonian Epistles
The First Christians
"The First Christians" - A Correction
The Fulfillment of Isaiah 6: 9, 10
The Gospels Part 1
The Gospels Part 2
The Gospels Part 3
The Greek Preposition Part 1
The Greek Preposition Part 2
The Greek Scriptures Part 1
The Greek Scriptures Part 2
The Greek Scriptures Part 3
The Greek Scriptures Part 4
The Greek Scriptures Part 5
The Greek Scriptures Part 6
The Interpretation of the Thessalonian Epistles
The Kingdom - A Query
The Late Charles H. Welch
The Mature and the Perfect
"The Mystery": A Review
The Necessity for Repentance
"The New English Bible"
The Next Stage of the Kingdom
The Purpose of Acts
The Return of the Saving Work of God to Israel
The Right Question
The Roman Jews
The Secret of Romans 11:25-27
The Seventy Sevens and Ourselves
The Soulish and the Spiritual
"The Study of Human Destiny"
The Supposed Dispensational Frontier
The Teaching of J.J.B. Coles
The Trumpet of God
Theology as a Science
The Study of Prophecy
The Truth about "Dispensational Truth"
The Unity of God's Evangel
This Generation
Time and Eternity
To Israel as a Nation
Tongues
Unsound Words
What is Apostasy?
What Should We Do?
When and Why were the Gospels Written?
Wilful Blindness
Wine in the Lord's Supper

Copyright

The Differentiator Revisited 2013

Comments, Suggestions, Etc. can be sent to:
cmn365@yahoo.com